Hobart and William Smith Colleges

French, Francophone and Italian Studies Department offers a transnational and transcultural program of studies with integrated courses in language, cultures, and literatures that reflect the rich diversity of French-and Italian-speaking cultures throughout the world. The majority of our courses are taught in French (FRN) and Italian (ITA); FRNE and ITAE courses are taught in English. French and Francophone Studies offers a disciplinary major and minor, an interdisciplinary major and minor, and a Concentration in French minor. There is a disciplinary minor in Italian Studies. Our academic program is designed around these majors and minors to enhance the linguistic fluency of our students, while providing them with the opportunity to understand and appreciate the intellectual and cultural traditions of France, Italy and the global Francophone cultures. To that end, students are encouraged to pursue their language and cultural education in one of our study abroad programs offered through the Center for Global Education. Currently our programs travel to Aix-en-Provence, Grenoble, Quebec, Rome and Tunis.  

Mission Statement:
The Department of French, Francophone and Italian Studies is dedicated to teaching the languages, cultures, literatures, and cinematic traditions of French-and Italian-speaking countries throughout the world. Our faculty are dedicated to the study of authentic cultural productions that enhance students' understanding of the artistic, linguistic, and literary traditions of French, Francophone and Italian cultures. All of our FRN and ITA courses are taught, and all student work is performed, in the target language. Our goal is to provide our students with the linguistic skills, cultural knowledge, and critical thinking skills necessary to successfully communicate within and between French, Francophone and Italian cultures. Our majors and minors have as their main objective the establishment of responsible, thoughtful and engaged global citizenship and openness to cultural and linguistic diversity.  

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DISCIPLINARY FRENCH AND FRANCOPHONE STUDIES MAJOR (B.A.)
disciplinary, 10 courses
All FRN courses numbered 225 or above count toward the major. One FRNE French/Francophone literature or culture course taken in English may count toward the major. Courses must include: two FRN 240-level courses (or equivalent); two FRN 250-level courses preferably before the senior year; two FRN 300-level courses, one in the senior year, as well as and three additional French or Francophone language, culture, or literature courses selected in consultation with the adviser.

Upon declaring a disciplinary French and Francophone Studies major, the students may select an area of concentration. All courses must be passed with a grade of C or higher. Credit/no credit courses cannot be counted towards the major, except under exceptional circumstances to be assessed by the department.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE TRADITIONS FRANAISES TRACK FOR THE MAJOR (B.A.)
disciplinary, 10 courses
FRN 241, FRN 244, FRN 251, FRN 252, and FRN 254 before the senior year; one Francophone course at the 200- or 300-level; two FRN 300-level French literature courses taught in French, one in the senior year; and three additional FRN electives selected in consultation with the adviser. No more than one French/Francophone literature and culture course taken in English (FRNE) may count toward the major. French majors pursuing this track are strongly encouraged to pursue off campus study in France. All courses must be passed with a grade of C or higher. Credit/no credit courses cannot be counted toward the major, except under exceptional circumstances to be assessed by the department.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PARCOURS MUTICULTURELS TRACK FOR THE MAJOR (B.A.)
disciplinary, 10 courses
FRN 242, FRN 243, FRN 251,FRN 252 OR FRN 254, and FRN 253, before the senior year; one French 200- or 300-level course; two departmental 300-level Francophone courses, one in the senior year; and three French and Francophone electives, selected in consultation with the adviser. No more than one French/Francophone literature and culture course taken in English (FRNE) may count toward the major. French majors pursuing this track are strongly encouraged to pursue off-campus study in Senegal. All courses must be passed with a grade of C or higher. Credit/no credit courses cannot be counted toward the major, except under exceptional circumstances to be assessed by the department.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FRENCH AND FRANCOPHONE STUDIES INTERDISCIPLINARY MAJOR (B.A.)
interdisciplinary, 14 courses
The sequence of courses consists of 1) eight departmental courses including two FRN 240-level courses; two FRN 250-level courses to be taken before the senior year; two FRN 300-level courses, and two French and Francophone
electives selected in consultation with the adviser, and 2) six courses from other disciplines chosen in consultation with the adviser. No more than one French/Francophone literature and culture course taken in English (FRNE) may count toward the major. Upon declaring an interdisciplinary French and Francophone Studies major, the students may select an area of concentration. All courses must be passed with a grade of C or higher. Credit/no credit courses cannot be counted toward the major, except under exceptional circumstances to be assessed by the department.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FRENCH AND FRANCOPHONE STUDIES DISCIPLINARY MINOR
disciplinary, 6 courses
One FRN 240-level course; one Francophone course at the 200- or 300-level; and one 200- or 300-level French course. At least one of the FRN 200-level courses must be a FRN 250-level course taken before the senior year. Three additional FRN courses in consultation with the adviser. No more than one French/Francophone culture or literature course taught in English may count toward the minor. A semester abroad in one of the department programs is strongly recommended. All courses must be passed with a grade of C or higher. Credit/no credit courses cannot be counted toward the minor, except under exceptional circumstances to be assessed by the department.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONCENTRATION IN FRENCH INTERDISCIPLINARY MINOR
interdisciplinary, 6 courses
This minor combines a semester abroad with courses taken before and after that semester in an uninterrupted sequence. Requirements include one or two courses in French preceding the semester abroad, a semester abroad in one of our programs with four courses in any of the department programs, and one or two courses upon returning from abroad. The minor may begin at any level of language acquisition, including the 100- level. All courses must be passed with a grade of C or higher. Credit/no credit courses cannot be counted toward the minor, except under exceptional circumstances to be assessed by the department.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FRENCH AND FRANCOPHONE STUDIES INTERDISCIPLINARY MINOR
interdisciplinary, 6 courses
Six courses selected in consultation with the adviser. These courses will include one course at the French 240-level, one course at the French 250-level, the latter to be taken before the senior year; two courses in other disciplines approved by the adviser; and two additional FRN courses approved by the adviser. A semester abroad in one of the department programs is strongly recommended. All courses must be passed with a grade of C or higher. Credit/no credit courses cannot be counted toward the minor, except under exceptional circumstances to be assessed by the department.

COURSES IN FRENCH
Language Acquisition
Level I: Fundamentals Language Skills
FRN 101 Beginning French I
FRN 102 Beginning French II
Level II: Intermediate Language Skills
FRN 201 Intermediate French I
FRN 202 Intermediate French II
Level III: Advanced Language Skills
FRN 225 Parlons Franais
FRN 226 French in Review I: Parler et comprendre
FRN 227 French in Review II: Lire et crire

Culture and Literature
Level IV: Introduction to Culture and Literature
FRN 230 Senegal: An Orientation
FRN 241 Prises de Vues: Introduction to Contemporary France
FRN 242 Introduction to Qubec Studies
FRN 243 Introduction to Francophone Cultures
FRN 244 Le Midi de la France
FRN 251 Introduction to French Literature I: Mystics, Friends, and Lovers
FRN 252 Introduction to French Literature II: Que sais-je?
FRN 253 Introduction to French and Francophone Literatures III: Paris-Outre-mer
FRN 254 French and Francophone Cinema
Level V: Advanced Culture and Literature
FRN 351 Francophone African Fiction
FRN 352 North African Literature and Culture: Narrative of Dissent and the Search for Identity F
FRN 355 Francophone Caribbean Literatures
FRN 380 Images de Femmes
FRN 382 French Theater
FRN 383 Topics in Middle Ages and Renaissance
FRN 384 Topics in 17th and 18th Centuries
FRN 385 Topics in 19th to 21st Centuries

COURSES IN ENGLISH
FRNE 111 Transnational France: Diversity from 1789 to Present Day
FRNE 155 Exile and Identity in Francophone Caribbean Fiction
FRNE 211 African Literature: The Quest for Identity
FRNE 218 Memory, Culture and Identity in French Caribbean Literatures
FRNE 219 Beyond Colonialism: North African Cinema and Literatures
FRNE 255 Modern French Theater
FRNE 285 The Troubadours: Songs of Love, War, and Redemption
FRNE 341 Boulevard Saint-Germain: Beauvoir, Sartre, and Camus
FRNE 395 Race in 18th Century French Culture

EXAMPLES OF CROSSLISTED COURSES (Interdisciplinary major and minor)
French and Francophone Studies are relevant across all disciplines taught at Hobart and William Smith Colleges. Crosslisted course offerings vary yearly depending on the current schedule. They may come from any department or program. The courses listed below are given as examples. This is not an exhaustive list. New relevant courses may be added. Consultation with a French and Francophone Studies adviser is necessary to determine if a course from another department or program can be applied to the departmental interdisciplinary major and minor.
AFS 110 Introduction to African Experience
AFS 150 Foundations of Africana Studies
AFS 180 The Black Atlantic
AFS 203 African Voices
ANTH 115 Language and Culture
ANTH 205 Race, Class, and Ethnicity
ANTH 296/AFS 296 Africa: Beyond Crisis, Poverty, and Aid
ARTH 101 Introduction to Art: Ancient and Medieval
ARTH 102 Introduction to Western Art: Renaissance through Modern
ARTH 218 Gothic Art and Architecture
ARTH 232 Rococo Art and Architecture
ARTH 240 European Painting In the 19th Century
ARTH 255 French Roots of Modernism
ARTH 334 Manet and the Modernist Project
ARTH 389 Rococo to Revolution: Painting in France 1760-1800
BIDS 206 Multiculturalism in Canada
BIDS 213 The French Medieval Connection
BIDS 291 Medieval Art and Literature
BIDS 298 The Ballets Russes: Modernism and the Arts
DAN 210 Dance History I
ECON 233 Comparative Economics
EDUC 115 Introduction to Linguistics
EDUC 370 Multiculturalism
ENG 232 Medieval Romance
ENG 235 The Once and Future King
ENG 276 Imagining the Middle East
ENG 317 Heart of Darkness
ENG 370 Who am I? Identity and World Literature
ENV 120 Sustainable Geography and Global Economy
ENV 345 Decolonial Environmentalisms
HIST 101 Foundations of European History Society
HIST 103 Early Modern Europe
HIST 209 History of Medieval Women
HIST 237 Europe since the War
HIST 238 World Wars in Global Perspective
HIST 250 Medieval Popular Culture
HIST 264 Modern European City
HIST 253 Renaissance and Reformation
HIST 284 Africa: From Colonialism to Neocolonialism
HIST 301 The Enlightenment
HIST 325 Medicine in Modern Europe
HIST 353 Invention of Africa
LTAM 222 Caribbean Literature and Politics
LGBT 202 Histories of Sexuality in the West
MDSC 313 Global Cinema
MUS 202 Medieval Renaissance (600-1600)
MUS 203 Baroque and " Classical Music (1600-1800)
MUS 204 Romantic Modern (1800-1950)
PHIL 120 Critical Thinking & Argu. Analysis
PHIL 220 Semiotics
PHIL 230 Aesthetics
PHIL 233 Cosmopolitism & Global Ethics
PHIL 312 Language and Power
PHIL 372 Early Modern Philosophy
POL 140 Introduction to Comparative World Politics
POL 180 Introduction to International Relations
POL 208 Gender and Politics in the Middle East and North Africa
POL 244 Immigration and Diversity in Europe
POL 258 Comparative Politics of the Middle East
POL 259 African Politics
POL 285 International Politics of the Middle East
POL 297 Europe and America
POL 380 Theories of International Relation
PSY 245 Introduction to Cultural Psychology
REL 236 Gender and Islam
REL 271 The Holocaust
REL 285 Medieval Philosophy
REL 347 Gender and Identity in the Muslim World
SOC 253 Global Cities
SOC 299 Vietnam: Conflict & Change
THTR 320 Theatre History II
WMST 100 Introduction to Women's Studies
WMST 212 Gender & Geography
WMST 213 Transnational Feminisms
WMST 222 African Women's Literature
WMST 300 Feminist Theory
WRRH 105 Multilingual Writer's Seminar
WRRH 106 Multilingual Writers Seminar II
WRRH 207 Sociolinguistics

COURSES TAUGHT IN FRENCH (FRE)
FRN 101 Beginning French I For students with no French experience, or placement. This is an immersion course that teaches speaking, listening, reading, writing, and French body language through a creative combination of interactive materials that introduce students to French culture as well as language. This course uses French as the principal language of instruction in the classroom. Students will work weekly in an integrative way with interactive materials online such as online exercises, movies, music and cultural readings. It is open only to students with no prior experience and students who have been placed in FRN 101, or students who have permission of the instructor. (Offered every semester)

FRN 102 Beginning French II For students who had French I in 12th grade, or placement. This course is a continuation of FRN 101. Students will work weekly in an integrative way with interactive materials online such as online exercises, movies, music and cultural readings. This course uses French as the principal language of instruction in the classroom. First-year students are placed according to placement exam results. Prerequisite: FRN 101 or equivalent, placement, or permission of the instructor. (Offered every semester)

FRN 201 Intermediate French I This course is for students who have successfully completed the elementary sequence or equivalent. Students practice oral/aural skills as well as review fundamentals of French grammar. This course uses French as the principal language of instruction in the classroom. Prerequisite: FRN 102 or equivalent, placement, or permission of the instructor. (Offered every semester)

FRN 202 Intermediate French II For students who had FRN IV in 11th grade or FRN III in 12th grade, or placement. This course offers qualified students the opportunity to reinforce all the fundamentals of the French language. FRN 202 is the fourth-semester French language and culture course at Hobart and William Smith Colleges. In this course, we study the French language within the context of French and Francophone (French-speaking countries other than France) culture and literature. The goal of French 202 is to continue the study of modern French and Francophone culture through an immersion in its language and its literature. Therefore, all classes will be conducted in French. Over the course of the semester, students will work to fine-tune their proficiency in the four fundamental language skills: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Students will work in an integrative way with interactive materials online such as online exercises, movies, music and cultural readings. First-year students are placed according to placement exam results. This course uses French as the principal language of instruction in the classroom. Prerequisite: FRN 201 or equivalent, placement, or permission of the instructor. (Offered every semester)

FRN 225 Parlons Francais This course is designed as an intensive training in oral expression for semi-advanced and advanced students. The course focuses on the practice of speaking and aims to help students develop and broaden pertinent vocabulary, as well as conversational or idiomatic expressions used in everyday life by French speakers. Students will gain greater fluidity and confidence and improve their oral communication skills by exploring contemporary issues in films and the media and reading and discussing short stories, plays, and articles from French and Francophone magazines and newspapers. Thus placing an emphasis on dialogue and discussion, this course will prepare students linguistically for 240--level French topics courses through a wide variety of challenging conversational activities, including oral presentations, discussions of current events, and in-class readings of plays. This course aims to help students understand how to use the French language in varied communicative contexts and gain a deeper understanding of French and Francophone cultures. Prerequisite: FRN 202 or equivalent, placement, or permission of the instructor.

FRN 226 French in Review I: Parler et Comprendre For students who had FRN IV in 12th grade, or placement. This course offers a complete grammar review while emphasizing aural and speaking skills to prepare students for advanced courses. All grammatical concepts are reviewed to form a firm foundation for all advanced French classes. First-year students are placed according to placement exam results. The course uses French as the principal language of instruction in the classroom, and includes mandatory presentations every week. Prerequisite: FRN 202, 225 or equivalent, placement, or permission of the instructor. (Offered every semester)

FRN 227 French in Review II: Lire et Ecrire For students who had FRN V (or more) in 12th grade, or placement. This is an advanced language course in which students learn nuances of French grammar and stylistics through reading and various writing exercises. This course emphasizes the skills of reading and writing. The course guides the students through cultural and literary texts of increasing difficulty and helps them develop strategies for reading texts in French. These strategies will lead to understanding of vocabulary through the use of lexical resources (dictionaries and web materials), understanding of grammatical syntax, and ability to identify writing strategies in written texts using stylistic analysis. First-year students are placed according to the placement exam results. Prerequisite: FRN 226, or placement, or permission of instructor. (Offered every semester)

FRN 230 Senegal an Orientation This course provides an introduction to the people, land, and culture of Sngal for qualified students interested in this country. It is required of all students going to the Sngal program. It includes an introduction to Sngalese history, religion, economics, manners and customs, food, sports, geography, and society. Materials for the class include readings and visual documents. The course may include a field trip to "Little Senegal" in New York City. Prerequisite: FRN 227, or concurrently with FRN 227. (Fall, offered alternate years)

FRN 241 Prises De Vue This course seeks to analyze contemporary French culture through its representation in films and the media. Major trends examined include youth, education, immigration, women in society, and the political system. Students pursue a research topic of their choice and submit a portfolio at the end of the semester. Students improve their language skills through readings, discussions, written weekly film reviews, and reflection papers and oral presentations on relevant topics. This course is highly recommended for students planning a term in France. This course is cross-listed with Media and Society. Prerequisites: FRN 227, or permission of the instructor, or concurrently with FRE 227. (Gallout, offered regularly)

FRN 242 Introduction to Quebec Studies This course seeks to examine various aspects of the French Canadian culture of the Province of Quebec in its social, literary, and ideological expressions, as well as in its political and historical contexts. It offers students an understanding of contemporary issues, such as colonialism, post-modernity, the Quiet Revolution, language and politics, feminist movements, the dynamics of identity, immigration, and the new nationalism. Students will also consider Quebec's relations with France and the USA in the context of globalization. While exploring a new socio-cultural space, students will improve their French language skills through readings, discussions, film reviews, and papers on relevant topics. Prerequisite: FRN 227, or permission of the instructor, or concurrently with FRN 227. (Dahouda, offered regularly)

FRN 243 Topics in Francophone Cultures This course seeks to introduce the variations of French and the variety of cultures in the Francophone the world. Students are introduced to the concept of Francophone, its ideological and political meaning as well as its cultural and literary expressions. Students discover the unity and the diversity of French- speaking countries. They explore contemporary issues in these countries, and discuss the relations of the Francophone world with France and the U.S. in the context of globalization. The goal of this course is not simply to acquaint students with issues and realities around the Francophone world, but to provide them with a broader cultural and intercultural perspective. Students improve their French through readings, discussions, weekly film reviews, and papers on relevant topics. Prerequisite: FRN 227, or permission of the instructor, or concurrently with FRN 227. (Dahouda, offered alternate years)

FRN 244 Le Midi de la France In this course, we concentrate on the South of France. The historian Fernand Braudel writes that "France is diversity... it is not only an appearance, a way of speaking, but a concrete reality, the triumph of plurality, heterogeneity, of something never really seen elsewhere...of something always different..." Similarly throughout its history, the South has been shaped by a constant flux of immigrants. Its luminous landscape reflects this diversity from rugged and dry terrains, mountains and the Mediterranean coast. It has been the site of many political and religious upheavals, which are embedded in its cities and landscapes. It is difficult to look at the South without "seeing" its history unfold. Since medieval times, poets, writers and artists have been inspired by its landscapes. We will look at the history, language, literature, and arts of the South by following different itineraries marked by cities such as Marseille, Montpellier, Toulouse, Aix-en-Provence. We will study its rich folklore and traditions, and taste its fragrant cuisine. Prerequisites: FRN 227, or permission of the instructor, or concurrently with FRN 227. (Wells, offered alternate years)

FRN 251 Introduction to French Literature I: Mystics, Friends & Lovers The conventions governing erotic love and passion in Europe were first formulated by the troubadours in Southern France. This course traces the evolution of passionate love from the Middle Ages to the Present, and analyzes its connections with mystical love. We will also study other traditions of love such as marITA love and friendship. Prerequisite: Any two 240 level courses, or permission of the instructor, or a 240 level with another 240 level taken concurrently. (Wells, offered regularly)

FRN 252 Introduction to French Literature II: "Que Sais Je?" This course is an introduction to literary discourse and a study of essays by significant authors who have shaped French thought from the Renaissance to the present. The question 'Que sais je?' is an epistemological question, that is, a question about knowledge. What we know, or think we know, shapes our vision of the world, and who we are. The subject determines the object of knowledge. We pay particular attention to the subject, the "je" of the question. We consider the subject's position before the unknown, and the other. Our journey, beginning with Montaigne's question about identity, will lead naturally to analysis of contemporary Western attitude toward others. Prerequisite: Any two 240 level courses, or permission of the instructor, or a 240 level with another 240 level taken concurrently. (Gallout, offered regularly)

FRN 253 Introduction to French and Francophone Literatures III: Paris-Outre-mer Depending on the instructor, this course follows various trajectories between Paris and Francophone countries and regions around the world. Students listen to voices in French from outside France. Paris is considered a starting point, rather than the center of Francophone cultures. Special attention is given to the ambiguous love-hate relations between France and other Francophone countries. This course teaches explication de texte, the French approach to reading literary and other cultural texts. Prerequisite: Any two 240 level courses, or permission of the instructor, or a 240 level with another 240 level taken concurrently. (Koffi-Tessio, offered alternate years)

FRN 254 French and Francophone Film In this course, students will study the language of cinema (le langage cinmatographique) and how directors use it to create films that participate in the intellectual, political, philosophical, religious, linguistic, and aesthetic debates of their time. Starting with the beginnings of film in the 19th century with the Frres Lumires and George Mlis and ending in the twenty-first century, students of FRN 254 will study film's seemingly paradoxical ability to record reality while showing us the impossible. In addition to learning the vocabulary, tools, and techniques of film analysis in French, students will also study the various historical and political contexts of the films studied to learn how to appreciate movies as both aesthetic objects and the product of a given culture and a specific time. Films will be shown in French with English subtitles and classroom discussions will be in French, along with any assignments, exams, presentations, etc.

FRN 352 North African Literature and Culture: Narrative of Dissent and the Search for Identity This course introduces narrative fiction from North Africa written in French. Students study the rise of Francophone narratives against colonialism and analyze their development into the national literatures of Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Paying particular attention to issues of gender, language, and religion, students analyze how these narratives of dissent evolve into fiction constructing individual and national identities. Prerequisite: FRN 253 and one of FRN 251 or FRN 252, or permission of the instructor, or concurrently with another 250 level. (Gallout, offered regularly)

FRN 355 Francophone Caribbean Identities This course deals with ways in which Francophone Caribbean writers represent their society in a context of deep alienations, and how they try to reinvent themselves and their community through the diversity of their unique culture and humanity. Students improve their cultural and language skills by discussing these major topics: deconstructing colonization; the relation of self to other; memory, migrancy and the quest for identity; women in literature; French language and local language relations; writers and their imaginary homeland; Caribbean societies and the racial problem; images of society in literature (France or the French West Indies). Prerequisite: FRN 253 and one of FRN 251 or FRN 252, or permission of the instructor, or concurrently with another 250 level. (Dahouda, offered regularly)

FRN 383 Middle Ages and Renaissance Topics include Medieval epic and romance, Medieval and Renaissance lyric poetry, Montaigne, Rabelais, The Pliade poets, Women in the French Renaissance. Prerequisites: FRN 251 and FRN 252, or permission of the instructor, or concurrently with another 250 level. (Wells, offered regularly)

FRN 384 Topics in 17 & 18th Century Topics Power and Culture in the 17th century; Narrative fiction; Epistolary Narratives; Construction of race and Representations of the Other in the Ancient Rgime. Prerequisites: FRN 251 and FRN 252, or permission of the instructor, or concurrently with another 250 level. (Gallout, offered regularly)

FRN 385 Topics in 19th to 21st Century Topics might include an analysis of gender, class and race in short stories, and novels by Stendahl, Flaubert, Zola, women's writings of the 20-21st th century, as well as a study of poets such as Nerval, Claudel, Bonnefoy and Saint-John Perse and Victor Segalen. Prerequisites: FRN 251 and FRN 252, or permission of the instructor, or concurrently with another 250 level. (offered regularly)

FRN 450 Independent Study

FRN 456 1/2 Credit Independent Study FRN 495 Honors

COURSES TAUGHT IN ENGLISH (FRNE)
FRNE 111 Transnational France Diversity from 1789 to Present Day This course is an introduction to the problematic of the Other in contemporary France. The principles on which this civil society is organized are analyzed, particularly those based on the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Men. The course seeks to analyze what becomes of these principles today in the face of growing resentment against immigration and a crisis of national identity. The course begins with a short introduction to the 1789 revolution, which established the basic principles of the modern French State. Reflections on the French colonial experience in Algeria and its legacy in contemporary France serve as an introduction to the immigration question today. (Gallout, Koffi-Tessio, offered occasionally)

FRNE 155 Exile and Identity This course serves as introduction to the study of the French Caribbean literatures, from tradition to modernity. It explores the interface between exile and identity, and examines how gender, memory, and race, class and ethnicity, language and violence inform the works of French Caribbean writers. It will also discuss literary and historical relations of French Caribbean authors with Black writers of the Harlem Renaissance movement. Typical readings: Csaire, Zobel, Depestre, Glissant, Cond, Danticat, Kesteloot, Freire, Fabre, Jules-Rosette, Wright, Baldwin. (Dahouda, offered occasionally)

FRNE 211 African Literature: Identity An introduction to both oral and written forms of expressions from Black Africa. This course considers how writers and bards seek to create an identity for their societies and themselves in face of pressures not only from foreign cultures, but also from within their own societies. Typical readings: Sundiata, Wolof oral poetry, Camara Laye, Ousmane Sembne, Chinua Achebe, Ngugi, Emechetta, Gordimer. (Koffi-Tessio, offered occasionally)

FRNE 285 The Troubadours This course introduces students to the texts, music, and culture of the troubadours of medieval Southern France-and their legacy as the inventors of love poetry in the vernacular. Performing their songs in the most powerful and vibrant cultural centers of medieval France. The Troubadours sang the praises of their beloved, incited kings to war, accused the decadence and corruption of the ruling classes, and made the vernacular an accepted medium for religious expression. But who were the troubadours? In this class, students are introduced to the language, history, religion, geography, and culture of these poets. Through the study of printed texts, CD recordings, digITA images of medieval manuscripts, and artistic representations, students will learn about the origins of the troubadour lyric as live musical performance, its later transformation into written text, and the troubadours' impact on other cultures and literary traditions.Readings (and CD/MP3 recordings) : the troubadours, some texts of the Northern French trouvres, and occasional relevant readings in literature of other periods and traditions.

FRNE 341 Boulevard Saint-Germain The Western imagination of the 20th century has evolved in response to, and in spite of, the major traumas of two world wars and their aftermath. This course examines how the particular conceptions of the universe, deriving from the stark realities of a war-torn continent, were formulated in the writing of de Beauvoir, Sartre and Camus, the three voices that resonated with the deepest chords of a wounded nation, continent, world. (Staff, offered occasionally)

FRNE 395 Race in 18th Century French Culture The goal of the course is to become familiarized with various cultural productions of 18th century pre-revolutionary France, to acquire understanding how the representation of race evolved in a cultural context reflecting society's political and economical agendas, and to appreciate the impact of race representation on society. Special attention to the construction of race in cultural representations from travel narratives, illustrations, and paintings, as well as in the writings of the Philosophes (Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, D'Alembert), legal and abolitionist writings, fiction the period. This course is cross-listed with Africana Studies, Media and Society, and Peace Studies; it should be of interest to students of Art, Comparative Literature, History, International Relations, and Political Science. Prerequisite: open to all, but recommended for sophomores and beyond. (Gallout, offered alternate years)